Ayatollah Naʾini’s “Right and Obligation” Approach to Supervising the State

Document Type : Original Article

Author

Associate Professor, Islamic Sciences and Culture Academy, Qom, Iran

Abstract

The present study aims at answering the following basic question: “Based on what thought Ayatollah Naʾini believes in the people’s right to supervise the state, while other opinions such as no right to supervision (based on people’s religious competence) or supervision based on natural rights (substantive) in the Western thought are proposed in this atmosphere and have some followers?” The research method is argumentative and philosophical analysis and the study claims that Naʾini has used his own divine anthropological foundations and believes in innate/divine rights on the one side and in existence of a right-obligation relationship on the other hand, believing in a right for people to supervise the state. The results suggest that for Naʾini, the human – due to his being human – enjoys some pre-religious rights, and he considers them as the essentials of the human’s life, survival and perfection, believing that as long as the members of the society do not enjoy them, the society is afflicted with laxity and indolence. Through the conscious presence and supervising the state, people can prevent the emergence of despotism and autocracy as well as oppression and injustice, and can remove obstacles in the way of just system to prepare the ground for flourishment of the individuals’ talents.

Keywords

References

  1. * The Holy Quran

    1. Abadiyan, H. (2009). Mafāhīm Qadīm wa Andīshayi Jadīd (Darāmadī Naẓarī bar Mash‘ūṭayi Īrān). Tehran: Kavir Publications. [In Persian]
    2. Akhund-Zada, F. (n.d.). Maktūbāt Kamāl al-Dowla. Manuscript in the National Library (reg. no. 123). [In Arabic]
    3. Bashiriya, H. (2001). Darshāyi Dimukrāsī barāyi Hama. Tehran: Institute of Contemporary Look. [In Persian]
    4. Delavari, R. (2002). “Niẓārat bar Qudrat az Dīdgāh Qurān” in Political Sciences. 19. [In Persian]
    5. Davani, J. (2012). Akhlāq Jalālī, Masoudi Arani, ‘A (ed.), Tehran: Ittelaat Publications. [In Persian]
    6. Firahi, D. (2015). Āstānayi Tajaddud: Sharḥ Tanbīh al-Umma wa Tanzīh al-Milla. Tehran: Ney Publications. [In Persian]
    7. Heydari Behnuya, A. (2007). Andīshayi Siyāsī Āytollah Mīrzā Mohammad Hussein Nāʾīnī. Qom: Bustan Ketab. [In Persian]
    8. Heydari Behnuya, A. (2020). Zabān wa Nāsāzihā dar Sukhan Mashrūṭ Qom: Research Center of Islamic Sciences and Culture. [In Persian]
    9. Ibn Faris (1990). Al-Mu‘jam al-Maqāʾīs al-Lugha (vol. 5).Beirut: Dar al-Jid. [In Arabic]
    10. Izadhi, S. S. (2008). Niẓārat bar Qudrat dar Fiqh Siyāsī. Qom: Research Center of Islamic Sciences and Culture. [In Persian]
    11. Kachuʾiyan, H. (2003). “Ḥaqq Miḥvarī wa Taklīf Miḥvarī Sunnat” in Political Sciences, 22. [In Persian]
    12. Khomeini, S. R. (1994). Kowthar (collection of Imam Khomeini’s lectures) (vol. 4). Tehran: Institute of Publication of Imam Khomeini’s Works. [In Persian]
    13. Mahallati Gharavi, M. A. (1995). “al-Liʾālī al-Marbūṭa fī Wujūb al-Mashrūṭa” in Rasāʾil Mashrūṭiyat, Zargari-nijad, Gh, H. (ed.). Tehran: Kavir Publications. [In Arabic]
    14. Moqimi, Gh. H. (2006). Mashrūṭiyat, Jumhūriyat, Islā Qom: Ma‘nagira Publication and Research Center. [In Persian]
    15. Motahhari, M. (1995). Niẓām Ḥuqūq Zan dar Islām (19th). Sadra. [In Persian]
    16. Malik Afzali Ardakani, M. (2003). Niẓārat wa Niẓāmhāyi Niẓāratī. Research Center of Islamic Culture and Thought. [In Persian]
    17. Mirza Malkam Khan (n.d.). “Kitābcha Gheybī” in Collection of Mirza Malkam Khan’s Works, Mohit Tabatabaie, S. M. (ed.), n.p.: ‘Ilmi Publications. [In Persian]
    18. Naʾini, M. H. (1982). Tanbīh al-Umma wa Tanzīh al-Milla yā Ḥukūmat za Naẓar Islām, Taleqani, S. M. (ed.), Tehran: Inteshar Corporation. [In Arabic]
    19. Najafi, M. (2007). Marātib Ẓuhūr Falsafa Siyāsat dar Tamaddun Islāmī (2nd). Tehran: Cultural Institute of Contemporary Knowledge and Thought. [In Persian]
    20. No name. (1907). Ḥuqūq wa Waẓāyif Millat. [In Persian]
    21. Nuri, Sh. F. (1983). Lawāyiḥ Āqa Sheikh Fazlullāh Nūrī, Rezvani, H. (ed.), Tehran: Tarikh Iran Publications. [In Persian]
    22. Rasekh, M. (2002). Ḥaqq wa Maṣlaḥ Tehran: Tarh Now. [In Persian]
    23. Shayegan, D. (1995). Zīr Āsimānhayi Jahān: Guftigūyi Shāyigān bā Rāmīn Jahānbaglū, ‘Azimi, N. (Trans.), Tehran: Farzan Rooz. [In Persian]
    24. Saliba, J. (1991). Wāji-nāmayi Falsafī wa ‘Ulūm Ijtimā‘ī, Bargnisi, K. and Sajjadi, S. (Trans.), p.: Inteshar Corporation. [In Persian]
    25. Tabatabaie, S. J. (2007). Naẓariyya Ḥukūmat Qānūn dar Īrā Tehran: Sotuda Publications. [In Persian]
    26. Tusi, S. J. (1994). Akhlāq Nāsirī, Minavi, M. and Heydari, A. R. (ed.), Tehran: Kharazmi Publications. [In Persian]
    27. Vaʾezi, A. (1999). Jāmi‘a Dīnī, Jāmi‘a Madanī (2nd). Tehran: Research Center of Islamic Culture and Thought. [In Persian]
    28. Yazdi, ‘A. (n.d.). Āftāb wa Zamī n.p. [In Persian]
    29. Yusefi-Rad, M. (2017). Taʾammulāt Falsafa Siyāsī dar Īrān Mu‘āṣ Qom: Research Center of Islamic Sciences and Culture. [In Persian]
    30. Yusefi-Rad, M. (2009). “‘Adam Thubāt wa Fiqdān Ḥākimiyyat Tafakkur Falsafī dar Īrān Mu‘āṣir” in Political Sciences, 45. [In Persian]
Journal of Islamic Political Studies
Volume 6, Issue 1 - Serial Number 11
January 2024
Pages 92-114

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics