Between Politics and Knowledge From Early Shiite Discourse in Medina to Today’s Shi’ism

Author

Assistant Professor, Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to demonstrate, firstly, how the Shiite political discourse appeared in the city of Kufa and in the land of Karbala during the era of the first three Imams of Shi’a and, secondly, how, after that, a new knowledge-based discourse emerged in Medina and it could, relying on theoretical potential of the two disciplines of theology and jurisprudence, promote the Shi'a "religious identity" and its "group stability". Finally, in the conclusion, a chain of constructive relations is discussed that helped the discourse of Shi'a to identify and stabilize itself as the most and first important minority within Islam. The paper consists of an introduction, two central parts and a final section.

Keywords


  1. Balādhurī, Aḥmad ibn Yaḥyā (1974), Ansāb al-Ashrāf, Beirut: Mawssuʿah Al-aʻlamī lil-Maṭbūʻāt.
  2. Beyhaqī Abūbakr, Aḥmad ibn Hussein (1405 A.H), Dalāʾil al-Nabuwah Wa Maʻrifat Aḥwāl Sāḥib al-Sharīʻah, Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʻIlmī
  3. Dhahabī, Shams al-Dīn Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad (1987), Tārīkh al-Islām, Beirut: Dār al-Kitāb al-Arabī.
  4. Ḥurr ʻĀmilī (1414 H), Wasāʼil al-Shīʻah, Qum: Muʼassasat Āl al-Bayt li-Iḥyāʼ al-Turāth.
  5. Ibn Abī al-Ḥadīd (1404 A.H), Sharḥ Nahj al-Balāghah, Qum: Maktabah Ayatullāh Marʻashī al-Najafī.
  6. Ibn Aʻtham Kūfī,Abu Muḥammad Aḥmad Ibn ʻAlī (1411 A.H), al-Futūḥ, Beirut: Dār al-Aḍwāʼ lil-Ṭibāʻah wa-al-Nashr wa-al-Tawzīʻ.
  7. Ibn Jowzī (1412 A.H), al-Muntaẓim Fī Tārīkh al-Umam Wa al-Mulūk, Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʻIlmī.
  8. Ibn Kathīr (1407 A.H), al-Badʼ Wa al-Nihāyah, Beirut: Dār al-Fī
  9. Ibn Khaldūn, ʻAbd al-Raḥmān Ibn Muḥammad (1408 A.H), Tārīkh Ibn ‏Khaldūn, Beirut: Dār al-Fikr.
  10. Ibn Saʻd (1410 A.H), al-Ṭabaqāt al-Kubrā, Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʻIlmīyah.
  11. Kuleynī (1388 A.P), Uṣūl Kāfī, Tehrān: Dār āl-Kutub al-Islāmīyah.
  12. Majlisī, Muḥammad Taqī (1403 A.H), Biḥār al-Anwār, Beirut: Muʼassasat al-Wafāʼ.
  13. Masʻūdī (1363 A.P), Murūj al-Dhahab Wa Maʻādin al-Jawhar, Qum: Dār al-Hijrah.
  14. Muḥammad ibn ʻAlī (1363 A.P), Kamāl al Dīn Wa Tamām al-Nīʻmh Fī Ithbāt al-Ghaybah Wa Kashf al-Hayrah, Qum: Muʼassasat al-Nashr al-Islāmī al-Tābiʻah li-Jamāʻat al-Mudarrisī
  15. Nuʻmānī (1422 A.H), al-Ghaybah, Fāris Ḥassūn Karīm, Qum: Anwār al-Hudá.
  16. Sharīf Murtiḍā, (1410 A.H), al-Shāfī, Qum: Muʼassasat Ismāʻīliyā
  17. Sheikh Ṣadūq (Ibn Bābiweyh), Muḥammad ibn ʻAlī (1966), ʻIlal al-Sharāʼiʻ, Najaf: Manshūrāt al-Maktabah al-Ḥaydarīyah Sheikh Ṣadūq (Ibn Bābiweyh).
  18. Ṭabarī, Muḥammad Ibn Jarīr (1387 A.P), Tārīkh Tabarī, Beirut: Dār al-Turāth.